Oekonomisches

Theoretiker: Schmookler 1966, Nordhaus 1969, Machlup 1961/62, Plant 1934, Arrow
Empirische Studien:
- Sakakibara 1999: "firm responsive ness even to significant changes in patent design is limited",
- Mansfield 1986: "in 7 industries (electrical equipment, office equipment, motor vehicles, instruments, primary metals, rubber and textiles) patent protection was estimated to be essential for the development and introduction of 10 than percent of their inventions",
- Ham 1999: "socially inefficient process whereby firms amass vast patent portfolios simply as bargaining chips"
Sietmann 2001: Buechereibudgets